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Professor William Smith

Professor William Smith
Professor William Smith
Professor William Smith

MD, PhD, OBE

Emeritus Professor

About
Email Address
w.c.s.smith@abdn.ac.uk
School/Department
School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition

Biography

MBChB          (University of Aberdeen 1974)                                       

MPH               (University of Dundee 1982)                                                        

MFCM           (Faculty of Community Medicine 1982) 

Thesis: Herd Immunity to Polioviruses. (Awarded Littlejohn Gairdner Prize).                                     

MD                 (University of Aberdeen, 1986)  

Thesis: Evaluation of a Leprosy Control Programme in India

FFPHM          (Elected May, 1989)                                                

PhD                 (University of Dundee, 1990).

Thesis: An Epidemiological Study of Coronary Heart disease and its Risk Factors in Scotland: The Scottish Heart Health Study

FRCP              (Edinburgh, Elected 1992) 

ILTM              Member of the Institute of Learning and Teaching in Higher Education (2003)

Hon FFPHM  Royal College of Physicians of Ireland (2004)

Fellow             The Higher Education Academy (2007)

 

 

 

External Memberships

Global health activities focus on chronic diseases, particularly on the chronic mycobacterial disease of leprosy and related neglected tropical diseases. 

Currently on the development and implementation of a global evidence based strategy for leprosy related specifically to reduction in transmission, impairments and disability.  This work is associated with the World Health Organization Global Leprosy Programme, non-governmental organisations and a number of international research consortia.

Chair of the Scientific Committees for the 18th International Leprosy Congress in Brussels, 2013, and the 19th International Leprosy Congress in Beijing 2016.  Work on dissemination of research through publications, scientific and advocacy meetings.

Research

Research Overview

Public health approach to Global health and chronic disease based on the promotion of excellence in public health policy and practice through leadership, mentoring, standard setting, generating evidence, supervision, governance and advocacy.

Current Research

I have played a significant role in the global elimination of leprosy working with the World Health Organisation and Non-Government Organisations such as the International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations and the Leprosy Mission in research and policy development, over 16 million patients have been treated resulting in a 90% reduction in the case- load.  I now work to sustain and enhance leprosy control activities to reduce the burden of disease through research and policy.

Recent Publications:

  1.  Smith CS, Noordeen SK, Richardus JH, Sansarricq H, Cole ST, Soares RC, Savioli L, Aerts A.  A strategy to halt leprosy transmission. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2014
  2.  Aucott L, Poobalan A, McCallum M, Smith WCS.  Mental Well-Being Related To Lifestyle and Risky Behaviours in 18-25 Year Old: Evidence from North-East Scotland. Int J Public Health Research 2014;4:431-440
  3.  Soo M, Robertson LM, Ali T, Clark LE, Fluck N, Johnston M, Marks A, Prescott GJ, Smith WCS, Black C on behalf of the GLOMMS Group.  Approaches to ascertaining co-morbidity information: validation of routine hospital episode data with clinician-based case note review. BMC Research Notes 2014 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-253
  4.  Smith WCS. Developing a strategy for cardiovascular disease: surveillance, prevention and health care.  Int J Public Health Research 2014;4:425-430
  5.  Smith WCS, Aerts A. Role of contact tracing and prevention strategiesin the interruption of leprosy transmission.  Lepr Rev 2014; 85: 2–17
  6. Poobalan AS, Aucott LS, Clarke A, Smith WCS. Diet behaviour among young people in transition to adulthood (18–25 year olds): a mixed method study. Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine: An Open Access Journal, 2:1, 909-928
  7. Kurmi OP, Semple S, Devereux GS, Gaihre S, Lam KBH, Sahdra S, Steiner MFC, Simkhada P, Smith WCS, Ayres JG.  The effect of exposure to biomass smoke on respiratory symptoms in adult rural and urban Nepalese populations.  Environmental Health 2014
  8. Smith WCS, Aerts A. Contact management is an essential component of leprosy control. Lepr Rev 2015;86:126-127.
  9. Smith WCS, van Brakel W, Gillis T, Saunderson P, Richardus JH.  The missing millions: a threat to the elimination of leprosy.  PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2015 9(4):e0003658.doi10.1371/journal

  10. Douglas F, van Teijlingen E, Smith C, Moffat M. Implementing Health Policy: Lessons from the Scottish Well Men’s Policy Initiative. AIMS Public Health 2015;2 (4): 887-905

  11. Roset-Bahmayer E, Smith WCS, Brennan P, Cummings R, Duthie M, Richardus JH,  Saunderson P, Shwe T, Rosen S. Annemieke Geluk10Leprosy Diagnostic Test Development As a Prerequisite Towards Elimination: Requirements from the User’s Perspective. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 201510(2):e0004331. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004331

  12. Smith WCS.  19th International Leprosy Congress: the plenary sessions. Lepr Rev 2016;87:562-569.

  13. Van Veen NHJ, Nicholls PG, Smith WCS, Richardus JH.  Corticosteroids for treating nerve damage in leprosy.  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews  2016 May 23;(5):CD005491. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005491.pub3. Review

  14. Smith CS, Aerts A, Kita E, Virmond M. Time to define leprosy elimination as zero leprosy transmission? Lancet Infect Dis. 2016 Apr;16(4):398-9. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00087-6.

  15. Richardus JH, Ignotti, Smith WCS.  Epidemiology of leprosy. In International Textbook of Leprosy Ed: David M Scollard and Thomas P Gillis, 2016.

  16. Richardus JH, Pahan D, Johnson RC, Smith WCS.  Leprosy Control.  In International Textbook of Leprosy Ed: David M Scollard and Thomas P Gillis, 2016.

  17. Smith WCS. 19th International Leprosy Congress: the Plenary Sessions.  Lepr Rev 2016;87:564-569.

    18. Smith CS, Aerts A, Saunderson P, Kawuma J, Kita E, Virmond M. Multidrug therapy, a game-changer on the path to leprosy elimination. Lancet Infectious Disease 2017: (Accepted)

 

Collaborations

World Health Organisation, Academic Institutions and Non Governmental Organisations in the field of Global health and Neglected Tropical Diseases.

Teaching

Teaching Responsibilities

Ad hoc post graduate teaching, examining and supervisory activities related to Global Health, and mentoring of research staff.

Publications

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  • The effect of exposure to biomass smoke on respiratory symptoms in adult rural and urban Nepalese populations

    Kurmi, O. P., Semple, S., Devereux, G. S., Gaihre, S., Lam, K. B. H., Sadhra, S., Steiner, M. F., Simkhada, P., Smith, W. C., Ayres, J. G.
    Environmental Health, vol. 13, no. 1, 92
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Diet behaviour among young people in transition to adulthood (18–25 year olds): a mixed method study

    Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Clarke, A., Smith, W. C. S.
    Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 909-928
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Differences in Comorbidity Burden Between those with Chronic Kidney Disease and Normal Renal Function

    Marks, A., Fluck, N., Prescott, G., Robertson, L., Smith, W. C., Black, C.
    51st Congress of the European-Renal-Association(ERA)/European-Dialysis-and-Transplant-Association (EDTA), pp. 399-400
    Contributions to Journals: Abstracts

  • Approaches to ascertaining comorbidity information: validation of routine hospital episode data with clinician-based case note review

    Soo, M., Robertson, L. M., Ali, T., Clark, L. E., Fluck, N., Johnston, M., Marks, A., Prescott, G. J., Smith, W. C. S., Black, C., GLOMMS Group
    BMC Research Notes, vol. 7, 253
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Definitions of progression in chronic kidney disease-predictors and relationship to renal replacement therapy in a population cohort with a 6 year follow-up

    Marks, A., Fluck, N., Prescott, G. J., Robertson, L. M., Simpson, W. G., Smith, W. C. S., Black, C.
    Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 333-341
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Mental well-being related to lifestyle and risky behaviours in 18-25 year olds: Evidence from Northeast Scotland

    Aucott, L. S., Poobalan, A. S., McCallum, M., Smith, W.
    International journal of Public Health Research, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 431-440
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Comparing health status in Belarus between 2001-2010: a novel method using surveys with different response categories

    Vasianovich, A., Scott, N. W., Smith, W. C. S., Wallace, C. D., Shebeko, L. L.
    European Journal of Public Health, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 840-845
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Psychological risk factors for chronic post-surgical pain after inguinal hernia repair surgery: A prospective cohort study (vol 16, pg 600, 2012): corrigendum

    Powell, R., Johnston, M., Smith, W. C., King, P. M., Chambers, W. A., Krukowski, Z., McKee, L., Bruce, J.
    European Journal of Pain, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 463
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Reduced lung function due to biomass smoke exposure in young adults in rural Nepal

    Kurmi, O. P., Devereux, G. S., Smith, W. C. S., Semple, S., Steiner, M. F. C., Simkhada, P., Lam, K. H., Ayres, J. G.
    European Respiratory Journal, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 25-30
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Healthy young lifestyles: an exploration of obesity related behaviours in 18-25 year olds

    Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Clarke, A., Smith, W. C. S.
    Scottish School of Public Health Research.
    Other Contributions: Other Contributions

  • Translating chronic kidney disease epidemiology into patient care: the individual/public health risk paradox

    Marks, A., Black, C., Fluck, N., Smith, W. C. S., Prescott, G. J., Clark, L. E., Ali, T. Z., Simpson, W. G., Macleod, A. M.
    Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol. 27, no. Suppl. 3, pp. iii65-iii72
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Physical activity attitudes, intentions and behaviour among 18-25 year olds: a mixed method study

    Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Clarke, A., Smith, W. C. S.
    BMC Public Health, vol. 12, 640
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Psychological risk factors for chronic post-surgical pain after inguinal hernia repair surgery: a prospective cohort study

    Powell, R., Johnston, M., Smith, W. C., King, P., Chambers, W. A., Krukowski, Z., McKee, L., Bruce, J.
    European Journal of Pain, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 600-610
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Organising a World Congress of Epidemiology (WCE): Reflections and lessons from the XIX WCE, Scotland

    Bhopal, R. S., Smith, W. C., McEwen, J., MacFarlane, G., McCallum, A., Pattison, D., Bhala, N., Peto, R., Pell, J. P.
    Public Health, vol. 126, no. 3, pp. 265-270
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and future health and mortality: a record linkage study

    Bhattacharya, S., Prescott, G. J., Iversen, L., Campbell, D., Smith, W. C. S., Hannaford, P. C.
    Pregnancy Hypertension, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-7
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Measuring the population burden of chronic kidney disease: a systematic literature review of the estimated prevalence of impaired kidney function

    McCullough, K., Sharma, P., Ali, T. Z., Khan, I., Smith, W. C. S., MacLeod, A., Black, C.
    Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1812-1821
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Chronic diseases: studying and understanding outcome using routine data: chronic kidney disease (CKD), an example

    Marks, A., Fluck, N., Prescott, G., MacLeod, A., Smith, W. C. S., Black, C.
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 65, no. Suppl. 1, pp. A269
    Contributions to Journals: Abstracts

  • Attitudes of General Practitioner Registrars and Their Trainers Toward Obesity Prevention in Adults

    Aucott, L. S., Riddell, R. E., Smith, W. C. S.
    Journal of Primary Care and Community Health, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 181-186
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) the paradigms: individual risk or public health care load

    Marks, A., Black, C., Prescott, G. J., Smith, W., Macleod, A., Fluck, N.
    BRS/RA Conference 2011, pp. O63
    Contributions to Conferences: Abstracts

  • The changing pattern of referral in acute kidney injury

    Ali, T., Tachibana, A., Khan, I., Townend, J., Prescott, G. J., Smith, W. C., Simpson, W., MacLeod, A.
    QJM, vol. 104, no. 6, pp. 497-503
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • A systematic review of economic evaluations of chemoprophylaxis for tuberculosis

    Chavan, S., Newlands, D., Smith, W. C. S.
    Journal of Tropical Medicine, vol. 2011, 130976
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Weight loss interventions in young people (18 to 25 year olds): a systematic review

    Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Precious, E., Crombie, I. K., Smith, W. C. S.
    Obesity Reviews, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 580-592
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Does stage-3 chronic kidney disease matter?: A systematic literature review

    Sharma, P., McCullough, K., Scotland, G., McNamee, P., Prescott, G., Macleod, A., Fluck, N., Smith, W. C., Black, C.
    The British Journal of General Practice, vol. 60, no. 575, pp. e266-e276
    Contributions to Journals: Literature Reviews

  • Early referral strategies for management of people with markers of renal disease: a systematic review of the evidence of clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and economic analysis

    Black, C., Sharma, P., Scotland, G., McCullough, K., McGurn, D., Robertson, L., Fluck, N., MacLeod, A., McNamee, P., Prescott, G., Smith, C.
    Health Technology Assessment, vol. 14, no. 21, pp. 1-184
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • COPD and chronic bronchitis risk of indoor air pollution from solid fuel: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Kurmi, O. P., Semple, S., Simkhada, P., Smith, W. C. S., Ayres, J.
    Thorax, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 221-228
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Analysis of the UK recommendations on obesity based on a proposed implementation framework

    Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Ahmed, S., Smith, W. C. S.
    BMC Public Health, vol. 10, 17
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Approaches to Care in Chronic Kidney Disease: Understanding the Intervention

    Sharma, P., Scotland, G. S., McCullough, K. A., Robertson, L. M., Fluck, N., MacLeod, A., McNamee, P., Prescott, G. J., Smith, W. C. S., Black, C.
    Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Annual Meeting (2010)
    Contributions to Conferences: Posters

  • The Building blocks for Complex Decision Makine: An example of HTA in Chronic Kidney Disease Care

    Sharma, P., Scotland, G. S., McCullough, K. A., Robertson, L. M., Fluck, N., MacLeod, A., McNamee, P., Prescott, G. J., Smith, W. C. S., Black, C.
    Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Annual Meeting (2010)
    Contributions to Conferences: Posters

  • A visible light driven photoelectrocatalytic fuel cell for clean-up of contaminated water supplies

    MacPhee, D. E., Wells, R., Kruth, A., Todd, M. J., Elmorsi, T., Smith, C., Pokrajac, D., Strachan, N., Mwinyhija, M., Scott-Emuakpor, E., Nissen, S., Killham, K.
    Desalination, vol. 248, no. 1-3, pp. 132-137
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels and early outcome after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study

    Cuthbertson, B. H., Croal, B. L., Rae, D., Gibson, P., McNeilly, J., Jeffrey, R., Smith, W. C., Prescott, G. J., Buchan, K., El-Shafei, H., Gibson, G. A., Hillis, G.
    British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 647-653
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Predicting neuropathy and reactions in leprosy at diagnosis and before incident events: results from the INFIR Cohort study

    Smith, W. C. S., Nicholls, P. G., Das, L., Barkataki, P., Suneetha, S., Suneetha, L., Jadhav, R., Rao, P. S. S. S., Wilder-Smith, E. P., Lockwood, D. N. J., van Brakel, W. H.
    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 3, no. 8, e500
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Collaborative Programmes of Research in Leprosy: the INFIR Programme

    Smith, W. C. S., Lockwood, D. N. J., Van Brakel, W. H., Nicholls, P. G., Soutar, D.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 124-128
    Contributions to Journals: Editorials

  • Obesity as an independent risk factor for elective and emergency caesarean delivery in nulliparous women systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

    Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Gurung, T., Smith, W. C. S., Bhattacharya, S.
    Obesity Reviews, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 28-35
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Body mass index and associated lifestyle changes from childhood to earlier adulthood – results from North East Scotland.

    Smith, C. W., McHardy, S., Poobalan, A., Aucott, L.
    17th European Congress on obesity
    Contributions to Conferences: Posters

  • Getting the most out of student selected components: 12 Tips for participating students

    Riley, S. C., Gibbs, T. J., Ferrell, W. R., Nelson, P. R., Smith, W. C. S., Murphy, M. J.
    Medical Teacher, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 895-902
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Report of the ninth meeting of the WHO Technical Advisory Group on Leprosy Control: Cairo, Egypt, 6-7 March 2008

    Smith, W. C. S., World Health Organisation
    Leprosy Review, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 452-70
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Corticosteroids for treating nerve damage in leprosy: A Cochrane Review

    Van Veen, N. H. J., Nicholls, P. G., Smith, W. C. S., Richardus, J. H.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 361-371
    Contributions to Journals: Literature Reviews

  • Prevention of Early Childhood Caries: A systematic review

    Poobalan, A. S., Brazzelli, M., Aucott, L. S., Smith, W. C. S., Helms, P. J. B.
    Edinburgh, United Kingdom: NHS Health Scotland. 122 pages
    Books and Reports: Commissioned Reports

  • Prevention of Childhood obesity: A review of systematic reviews

    Poobalan, A. S., Taylor, L., Clar, C., Helms, P. J. B., Smith, W. C. S.
    Edinburgh, United Kingdom: NHS Health Scotland. 38 pages
    Books and Reports: Commissioned Reports

  • Global themes in International Public Health

    Poobalan, A., Smith, C. W., Van Teijlingen, E.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 128-129
    Contributions to Journals: Editorials

  • Effectiveness of single dose rifampicin in preventing leprosy in close contacts of patients with newly diagnosed leprosy: cluster randomised controlled trial

    Moet, F. J., Pahan, D., Oskam, L., Richardus, J. H., Smith, W. C. S., COLEP Study Group
    British Medical Journal, vol. 336, no. 7647, pp. 761
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Leprosy strategy is about control, not eradication

    Smith, C., Richardus, J. H.
    The Lancet, vol. 371, no. 9617, pp. 969-970
    Contributions to Journals: Comments and Debates

  • Chemoprophylaxis in the prevention of leprosy

    Smith, W. C. S.
    British Medical Journal, vol. 336, pp. 730-731
    Contributions to Journals: Editorials

  • Obesity as an independent risk factor for elective and emergency caesarean delivery in nulliparous women – Systematic review.

    Poobalan, A., Aucott, L., Gurung, T., Smith, C. W., Bhattacharya, S.
    Contributions to Conferences: Papers

  • Twelve tips for developing and sustaining a programme of student selected components

    Riley, S. C., Ferrell, W. R., Gibbs, T. J., Murphy, M. J., Smith, W. C. S., Smith, S.
    Medical Teacher, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 370-376
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Classifying leprosy patients: searching for the perfect solution?

    Lockwood, D. N. J., Sarno, E., Smith, W. C.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 317-320
    Contributions to Journals: Editorials

  • Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease - a population-based study

    Ali, T. Z., Macleod, A., Townend, J., Smith, W. C. S., Simpson, W. G., Khan, I.
    Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol. 22, no. Suppl. 9, pp. 54-55
    Contributions to Journals: Abstracts

  • Reduced eGFR- Does this mean CKD?

    Clark, L., Prescott, G., Fluck, N., Simpson, W., Smith, W., Macleod, A.
    Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol. 22, no. Suppl. 9, pp. 54
    Contributions to Journals: Abstracts

  • Identifying Individuals with CKD: Are we overestimating the number?

    Clark, L., Prescott, G., Fluck, N., Smith, C., Simpson, W., MacLeod, A.
    Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol. 22, no. Suppl. 6, pp. 74
    Contributions to Journals: Abstracts

  • Pilot study of the incidence and prognosis of degenerative parkinsonian disorders in Aberdeen, United Kingdom: methods and preliminary results

    Taylor, K. S. M., Counsell, C. E., Harris, C. E., Gordon, J. C., Smith, W. C. S.
    Movement Disorders, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 976-982
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Multi-centre, double blind, randomised trial of three steroid regimens in the treatment of type-1 reactions in leprosy

    Sundar Rao, P. S. S., Sugamaran, D. S. T., Richard, J., Smith, W. C. S.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 77, pp. 25-33
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Evaluating effectiveness of complex interventions aimed at reducing maternal mortality in developing countries

    Ross, L., Simkhada, P. P., Smith, W. C. S.
    Journal of Public Health, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 331-337
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Public health interventions to prevent early childhood caries: a systematic review

    Poobalan, A. S., Brazzelli, M. G., Aucott, L. S., Smith, W. C. S., Helms, P. J. B.
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 59, no. Suppl 1, pp. A26-A27
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Long-term follow-up of breast cancer survivors with post-mastectomy pain syndrome

    Macdonald, L., Bruce, J., Scott, N. W., Smith, W. C. S., Chambers, W. A.
    British Journal of Cancer, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 225-230
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Effects of weight loss in overweight/obese individual and long-term hypertension outcomes - A systematic review.

    Aucott, L. S., Poobalan, A. S., Smith, W. C. S., Avenell, A., Jung, R., Broom, J.
    Hypertension, vol. 45, pp. 1035-1041
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Factors contributing to delay in diagnosis and start of treatment of leprosy: analysis of help-seeking narratives in northern Bangladesh and in West Bengal, India

    Nicholls, P. G., Chhina, N., Bro, A. K., Withington, S. G., Smith, W. C. S.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 76, pp. 35-47
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • The "number needed to sample" in primary care research. Comparison of two primary care sampling frames for chronic back pain

    Smith, B. H., Hannaford, P. C., Elliott, A. M., Smith, W. C. S., Chambers, W. A.
    Family Practice, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 205-214
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Weight change in adult life and health outcomes

    Elliott, A. M., Aucott, L. S., Hannaford, P. C., Smith, W. C. S.
    Obesity Research, vol. 13, pp. 1784-1792
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • The role of genetic and environmental factors in the assocation between birthweight and blood pressure: evidence from meta-analysis of twin studies.

    McNeill, G., Tuya, C., Smith, W. C. S.
    International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 995-1001
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Factors related to the onset and persistence of chronic back pain in the community

    Smith, B. H., Elliott, A. M., Hannaford, P. C., Chambers, W. A., Smith, W. C. S.
    Spine, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1032-1040
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Steroid prophylaxis for prevention of nerve function impairment in leprosy: randomised placebo controlled trial (TRIPOD 1)

    Smith, W. C. S., Anderson, A., Withington, S. G., Van Brakel, W. H., Croft, R. P., Nicholls, P. G., Richardus, J. H.
    British Medical Journal, vol. 328, pp. 1459-1462
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Systematic review of the long-term effects and economic consequences of treatments for obesity and implications for health improvement

    Avenell, A., Broom, J., Brown, T. J., Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Stearns, S. C., Smith, W. C. S., Jung, R. T., Campbell, M. K., Grant, A. M.
    Health Technology Assessment, vol. 8, no. 21, pp. 1-182
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • The future incidence of leprosy: a scenario analysis

    Meima, A., Smith, W. C. S., Van Oortmarssen, G. J., Richardus, J. H., Habbema, D. F.
    Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 82, pp. 373-380
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Incidence of acute nerve function impairment and reactions in leprosy: a prospective cohort analysis after 5 years of follow-up

    Richardus, J. H., Nicholls, P. G., Croft, R. P., Withington, S. G., Smith, W. C. S.
    International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 337-343
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Effects of weight loss in overweight/obese individuals and long-term lipid outcomes: a systematic review

    Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Smith, W., Avenell, A., Jung, R., Broom, J., Grant, A. M.
    Obesity Reviews, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 43-50
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • An Approach to Understanding the Transmission of Mycobacterium leprae Using Molecular and Immunological Methods: Results from the MILEP2 Study

    Smith, W. C. S., Smith, C. M.
    International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 269-277
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Epidemiology teaching: student and tutor perceptions

    Moffat, M., Sinclair, H. K., Cleland, J. A., Smith, W. C. S., Taylor, R. J.
    Medical Teacher, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 691-695
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Factors influencing the uptake of childhood immunisation in rural areas

    Henderson, R., Macdonald, H. M., Smith, W. C. S., Selvaraj, S., Oates, K.
    The British Journal of General Practice, vol. 54, no. 499, pp. 114-118
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • General practitioners' concerns about childhood immunisation and suggestions for improving professional support and vaccine uptake.

    Henderson, R., Oates, K., MacDonald, H., Smith, W. C. S.
    Communicable Disease & Public Health, vol. 4, pp. 260-266
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Obesity and the Risk to Health: A Systematic Review of Reviews

    Mombasheri, M., Van Teijlingen, E. R., Smith, W. C. S.
    Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, vol. 9, no. Suppl. 2, pp. 41-41
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Obesity in Adults: Prevention Measures

    Mombasheri, M., Van Teijlingen, E. R., Smith, W. C. S.
    Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, vol. 9, no. 2 Suppl, pp. 39-40
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Public Health interventions to prevent Early Childhood Caries.

    Poobalan, A., Brazzelli, M., Aucott, L., Smith, W., Helms, P.
    Contributions to Conferences: Papers

  • Quantitative assessment of chronic postsurgical pain using the McGill Pain Questionnaire

    Bruce, J., Poobalan, A. S., Smith, W. C. S., Chambers, W. A.
    Clinical Journal of Pain, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 70-75
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Response to letter by Devor

    Bruce, J., Smith, W. C. S., Chambers, W.
    Pain, vol. 108, no. 1-2, pp. 202-202
    Contributions to Journals: Letters

  • Some observations on the varying quality of Scottish Lifestyle Surveys when attempting to measure obesity and overweight

    Mombasheri, M., Van Teijlingen, E. R., Smith, W. C. S.
    Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, vol. 9, no. Suppl 2, pp. 89-92
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Weight loss in obese diabetic and non-diabetic individuals and long-term diabetes outcomes: a systematic review

    Aucott, L., Poobalan, A., Smith, W. C. S., Avenell, A., Jung, R., Broom, J., Grant, A. M.
    Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 85-94
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • What are the long-term benefits of weight reducing diets in adults? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

    Avenell, A., Brown, T. J., McGee, M., Campbell, M. K., Grant, A. M., Jung, R. T., Smith, W. C. S., Broom, J.
    Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 317-335
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • What interventions should we add to weight reducing diets in adults with obesity? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of adding drug therapy, exercise, behaviour therapy or combinations of these interventions

    Avenell, A., Brown, T. J., McGee, M., Campbell, M. K., Grant, A. M., Jung, R. T., Smith, W. C. S., Broom, J.
    Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 293-316
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • What is the best way to use BCG to protect against leprosy: when, for whom, and how often?

    Smith, W. C. S.
    International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 48-49
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Delay in presentation, an indicator for nerve function status at registration and for treatment outcome: the experience of the Bangladesh Acute Nerve Damage Study cohort

    Nicholls, P. G., Croft, R. P., Richardus, J. H., Withington, S. G., Smith, W. C.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 349-356
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Blood pressure in relation to birth weight in twins and singleton controls matched for gestational age

    McNeill, G., Tuya, C., Campbell, D. M., Haggarty, P., Smith, W. C. S., Masson, L. F., Cumming, A. M., Broom, I., Haites, N. E.
    American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 158, no. 2, pp. 150-155
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • A cohort study of reproductive risk factors, weight and weight change and the development of diabetes mellitus

    Dawson, S. I., Smith, W. C. S., Watson, M. S., Wilson, B. J., Prescott, G. J., Campbell, D., Hannaford, P.
    Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 244-250
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • The prevalence of chronic chest and leg pain following cardiac surgery: a historical cohort study

    Bruce, J., Drury, N., Poobalan, A. S., Jeffrey, R. R., Smith, W. C. S., Chambers, W. A.
    Pain, vol. 104, no. 1-2, pp. 265-273
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and risk of hypertension and stroke in later life: results from cohort study

    Wilson, B. J., Watson, M. S., Prescott, G. J., Sunderland, S., Campbell, D. M., Hannaford, P. C., Smith, W. C. S.
    British Medical Journal, vol. 326, no. 7394, pp. 845-849
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • A clinical prediction rule for nerve function impairment in leprosy patients-revisited after 5 years of follow-up

    Croft, R. P., Nicholls, P. G., Steyerberg, E. W., Richardus, J. H., Withington, S. G., Smith, W. C. S.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 35-41
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • A review of chronic pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy

    Poobalan, A. S., Smith, W. C. S., King, P. M., Krukowski, Z. H., Chambers, W. A., Bruce, J.
    Clinical Journal of Pain, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 48-54
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Adverse events of standardized regimens of corticosteroids for prophylaxis and treatment of nerve function impairment in leprosy: results from the 'TRIPOD' trials

    Richardus, J. H., Anderson, A., Croft, R. P., Nicholls, P. G., Van Brakel, W. H., Smith, W. C. S., Withington, S. G.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 319-327
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Delay in presentation in the context of local knowledge and attitude towards leprosy--the results of qualitative fieldwork in Paraguay

    Nicholls, P. G., Wiens, C., Smith, W. C. S.
    International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 198-209
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • International Leprosy Congress 2002--lessons learned

    Smith, W. C. S.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 7-10
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Markers of endothelial activation and atherothrombosis in women with history of pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension

    Vickers, M. A., Ford, I., Morrison, R., Prescott, G. J., Watson, S., Hannaford, P. C., Smith, W. C. S., Campbell, D. M., Greaves, M.
    Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 1192-1197
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Nasal carriage of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in healthy individuals in Lega Robi village, Ethiopia

    Beyene, D., Aseffa, A., Kidane, D., Macdonald, M., Klatser, P. R., Bjune, G. A., Smith, W. C. S., Harboe, M.
    Epidemiology and Infection, vol. 131, no. 2, pp. 841-848
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • The prognostic importance of detecting mild sensory impairment in leprosy: a randomized controlled trial (TRIPOD 2)

    Van Brakel, W. H., Withington, S. G., Croft, R. P., Nicholls, P. G., Richardus, J. H., Smith, W. C. S., Anderson, A.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 300-310
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Treatment with corticosteroids of long-standing nerve function impairment in leprosy: a randomized controlled trial (TRIPOD 3)

    Richardus, J. H., Anderson, A., Croft, R. P., Nicholls, P. G., Van Brakel, W. H., Smith, W. C. S., Withington, S. G.
    Leprosy Review, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 311-318
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Weight loss and subsequent diabetes status in obesity.

    Poobalan, A., Aucott, L., Smith, W. C.
    Contributions to Conferences: Papers

  • Whose health is it anyway?: enabling participation

    Russell, E. M., Smith, W. C. S.
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 57, pp. 762-763
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy:: incidence and outcome

    Metcalfe, W., Simpson, M., Prescott, G. J., MacLeod, A. M., Scottish, R. R., Khan, I. H., Simpson, K., Smith, W. C. S., Scottish Renal Registry
    QJM, vol. 95, no. 9, pp. 579-583
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • The course of chronic pain in the community: results of a 4-year follow-up study

    Elliott, A. M., Smith, B. H., Hannaford, P. C., Smith, W. C. S., Chambers, W. A.
    Pain, vol. 99, no. 1-2, pp. 299-307
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Assessing change in chronic pain severity: the chronic pain grade compared with retrospective perceptions

    Elliott, A. M., Smith, B. H., Hannaford, P. C., Smith, W. C. S., Chambers, W. A.
    The British Journal of General Practice, vol. 52, no. 477, pp. 269-274
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Assessment of long-term public Health benefits from short-term interventions: Obesity as a case study.

    Poobalan, A., Aucott, L., Smith, W. C.
    Contributions to Conferences: Papers

  • Developments and trends in rehabilitation in leprosy. Selected readings in CBR, Series 2, CBR in Transition

    Nicholls, P. G., Smith, W. C. S.
    Asia Pacific Disability & Rehabilitation Journal, pp. 92-99
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
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