Invasive pines in Chile

Commercial forestry plantations of introduced species are common in Chilean landscapes, especially in the south of the country. Species like eucalypts and pines have been widely planted since early 1900s. Pines have been internationally considered invasive species for some decades. In general, the same attributes that make them good commercial species, are the ones that give them the ability to establish and invade suitable habitats around plantations. Two species of the Pinus genus are relevant for our project: Pinus radiata, given the wide extension where it has been planted (1,285,635 ha (INFOR 2019)), and Pinus contorta, which is known for its high invasive potential. Pinus contorta has already been described invading native habitats of South-Central Chile and Patagonia, and despite P. radiata having been found invading relict areas of the Maulino Forest in central Chile, there is little information about its invasive potential elsewhere in South-Central Chile.

Therefore, we aim to predict future population trends and management options for pine species. We have decided to use the available information on P. contorta invasion process to develop models which will allow us to predict those areas suitable for the species to invade and assess different management options and scenarios. While doing this, we are collecting all necessary information about P. radiata, both in literature and field work, to adapt those models and work with stakeholders to plan management options. To accomplish this, we must consider that the invasion success does not only depend on the invasive species, but also the invaded community. Thus, we need to characterise the seed source (plantation), the invaded habitat, and pines natural regeneration (wildings). There is enough evidence on the invasion process of pines, to know which species attributes could influence the invasion success and must be assessed. To complement this information, we will consider the effect of fire on the regeneration of the species, which is, according to stakeholders, one of the most defining factors in the species regeneration success.