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Professor ROBERT WALLACE

Professor ROBERT WALLACE
Professor ROBERT WALLACE
Professor ROBERT WALLACE

B.Sc., Ph.D.

Emeritus Professor

About
Office Address

Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD

School/Department
School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition

Biography

Prof John Wallace obtained a 1st class Honours B.Sc. in Biochemistry from the University of Glasgow in 1972.  In 1973 and 1974, he worked at Distillers Company Ltd research labs, Menstrie.  Shortly after completing his Ph.D. at the University of Glasgow in 1975 ‘Maintenance energy and molar growth yields of Escherichia coli’, he joined the Microbiology Department of the Rowett Research institute, at that time headed by P.N. Hobson, with Sir Kenneth Blaxter as Institute Director.  He has remained at the Rowett since 1976, developing interests in rumen and intestinal microbiology and ruminant nutrition.  Following the merger of the Rowett with the University of Aberdeen in 2008, he was appointed to a Personal Chair at the University, and upon his retirement in 2016 was awarded emeritus status.    At various times during his career, he has undertaken research sojourns in Australia, Japan and Ethiopia, and has served on the Editorial Boards of Microbiology, British Journal of Nutrition (Deputy Editor-in-Chief), FEMS Microbiology Letters, Animal Feed Science and Technology and Applied and Environmental Microbiology.  He has served on the research committees of BBSRC, the FEEDAP (feed additives) panel of the European Food Safety Authority and curr ently chairs the Feed and Feed Additives group at the UK's Food Standards Agency.  Career highlights include being invited to speak at the Pasteur Institute, Papeete, Tahiti, in ‘The Year of Louis Pasteur’ Symposium’, Microbes, Environment , Biotechnology, 8-12 May 1995, and being recognised via the DSM Nutrition Innovation Award in 2007 'in recognition of his pioneering research in animal nutrition.'

External Memberships

Member of the FEEDAP panel of the European Food Safety Authority, 2012-2018, and external adviser (2018 - present).

Member of Editorial Boards, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Animal Feed Science and Technology.

Member of the International Science Foundation assessment committee.

Member of the Stakeholder Advisory Group, 'HoloRuminant', Horizon 2020

Project advisor, 'Influence of tannins on fatty acid biohydrogenation' Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMV/UTL), Lisboa;Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologias Agrárias e Agro-Alimentares - Porto (ICETA-Porto/UP)

Project reviewer, Australian National Livestock Methane Program, Livestock Production Innovation, Meat & Livestock Australia.

Assessor and rapporteur, COST Association, European Commission.

 

Latest Publications

  • The rumen microbiome: balancing food security and environmental impacts

    Mizrahi, I., Wallace, R. J., Moraïs, S.
    Nature reviews. Microbiology, vol. 19, pp. 553–566
    Contributions to Journals: Review articles

  • Postmortem observations on rumen wall histology and gene expression and ruminal and caecal content of beef cattle fattened on barley-based rations

    Jonsson, N. N., Ferguson, H. J., Koh-Tan, H. H., McCartney, C. A., Cernat, R. C., Strachan, E. M., Thomson, W., Snelling, T. J., Harvey, C. D., Andonovic, I., Michie, C., Wallace, R. J.
    Animal , vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1447-1460
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Effect of dietary fish oil supplements alone or in combination with sunflower and linseed oil on ruminal lipid metabolism and bacterial populations in lactating cows

    Kairenius, P., Leskinen, H., Toivonen, V., Muetzel, S., Ahvenjärvi, S., Vanhatalo, A., Huhtanen, P., Wallace, R. J., Shingfield, K. J.
    Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 3021-3035
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Adipose specific disruption of seipin causes early-onset generalised lipodystrophy and altered fuel utilisation without severe metabolic disease

    McIlroy, G., Suchacki, K., Roelofs, A. J., Yang, W., Fu, Y., Bai, B., Wallace, R. J., de Bari, C., Cawthorn, W. P., Han, W., Delibegovic, M., Rochford, J. J.
    Molecular Metabolism, vol. 10, pp. 55-65
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Cultivation and sequencing of rumen microbiome members from the Hungate1000 Collection

    Seshadri, R., Leahy, S. C., Attwood, G. T., Teh, K. H., Lambie, S. C., Cookson, A. L., Eloe-Fadrosh, E. A., Pavlopoulos, G. A., Hadjithomas, M., Varghese, N. J., Paez-Espino, D., Perry, R., Henderson, G., Creevey, C. J., Terrapon, N., Lapebie, P., Drula, E., Lombard, V., Rubin, E., Kyrpides, N. C., Henrissat, B., Woyke, T., Ivanova, N. N., Kelly, W. J., Palevic, N., Janssen, P. H., Ronimus, R. S., Noel, S., Soni, P., Reilly, K., Atherly, T., Ziemer, C., Wright, A. D., Ishaq, S., Cotta, M., Thompson, S., Crosley, K., McKain, N., Wallace, R. J., Flint, H. J., Martin, J. C., Forster, R. J., Gruninger, R. J., McAllister, T., Gilbert, R., Ouwerkerk, D. J., Gilbert, R., Ouwerkerk, D. J., Klieve, A. J., Jassim, R. A., Hungate1000 project collaborators
    Nature Biotechnology, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 359-367
    Contributions to Journals: Review articles

View My Publications

Prizes and Awards

DSM Nutrition Innovation Award in 2007 'in recognition of his pioneering research in animal nutrition.'

1998, 2003, 2005, 2007 - BBSRC Exceptional Performance Award

2007, 2008 - City of Aberdeen Ambassador awards

2008 - BBSRC Outstanding Performance Award

Plos Genetics Research Prize 2017.

Research

Research Overview

Research interests encompass microbial physiology, biochemistry and ecology that govern gut function, particularly in ruminants.  Aspects of gut function of particular interest include: protein metabolism – which leads to inefficient protein retention by ruminants and the formation of toxic products in the human intestine;  fatty acid biohydrogenation – which causes ruminant products to be low in most health-promoting PUFA; methane formation – a significant contributor to climate change; and ruminal acidosis – a major welfare issue for ruminants.  Coupled with these issues are means by which manipulation of ruminal fermentation can be achieved, such as probiotics, phytochemicals and antimicrobials.

Current Research

Methane is a greenhouse gas (GHG), 28 times as potent as carbon dioxide.  Ruminants are major methane emitters, contributing 3-4% of global GHG emissions.  The methane is derived from microbial fermentation in the rumen, being produced by microbes known as archaea.  In collaboration with Bob Mayes of the James Hutton Institute and Rainer Roehe and John Rooke of the Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, we have established that the abundance of the archaea in ruminal digesta can be used to predict methane emissions of beef cattle, even using post-mortem samples.  Furthermore, the Framework 7 project which I coordinated, ‘RuminOmics’ involving 12 European and Israeli partners, made the groundbreaking discovery that methane emissions in cattle vary according to the microbiome that is present in the rumen and that the microbiome itself is regulated by the host animal's genetics.  This enables the intriguing capability that  cattle may be bred according to their rumen microbiome, leading to progeny that persistently produce lower methane emissions.

Hydrogen is also utilized by fatty acid biohydrogenation in the rumen, which leads to a high proportion of health-threatening saturated fatty acids in foods derived from ruminants and to the formation, followed by the destruction, of health-promoting conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), and to the destruction of n-3, health-promoting fatty acids. The primary aim of this part of our research has been to improve the fatty acid composition of ruminant milk and meat for human health. In order to achieve this aim, the microorganisms responsible for fatty acid transformations in the rumen were identified, the fluxes through pathways of biohydrogenation and desaturation measured, the population sizes of the most significant microbial species evaluated, and ways of altering these fluxes and populations were investigated.  Currently, the research is being continued via the National Buffalo Research Institute, Nanning, China.

Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a disorder that can afflict all ruminant species, but one that is particularly prevalent in intensively produced dairy and beef cattle.  It is thought to result from dysfunction of ruminal microbial ecology.  SARA might be regarded as mainly an unseen, and most certainly under-researched, disorder, because its symptoms are those of ill-thrift rather than illness.  The pathology is only found clearly upon post mortem inspection.  However, next to the ill-thrift, SARA is associated with reduced fibre degradation, reduced feed intake, laminitis and diarrhoea and thereby also increased involuntary culling. Its economic impact is therefore hard to determine exactly.  The loss to the UK economy could easily exceed £200M p.a.  The welfare justification for investigating SARA is also compelling, as SARA-related illnesses are painful and detrimental to health, particularly laminitis.

The Scottish SARA Consortium, funded by BBSRC, to investigated:

  1. If on-farm management practices can be identified that predispose beef and dairy cattle to SARA.
  2. If remote motion sensing devices mounted around the animal’s neck can give early warning of SARA.
  3. What is the precise pathology of black patches on the rumen wall?
  4. If soluble LPS in SARA-susceptible cattle differs from soluble LPS in SARA-resistant cattle.
  5. The relative importance of the rumen and the hindgut in SARA.
  6. The precise pathotypes of E. coli present in SARA-susceptible cattle.
  7. If probiotic bacteria can be isolated from individual SARA-resistant cattle.

Past Research

Protein nutrition of ruminants is compromised by the intervention of ruminal microorganisms, which break down dietary protein, via peptides and amino acids, to ammonia.  Mechanisms and microorganisms at each stage of the process were identified, with the highlight being the discovery of a two-step breakdown mechanism for peptides.  Major efforts to control protein and other rumen functions using plants and p[lant extracts resulted in the discovery of >20 useful plants which, if incorporated into the ruminant diet, would modify rumen microbial activity to the benefit of animal nutrition and health.  Essential oils proved particularly beneficial, and the microbiological explanation of their effects led to commercial exploitation.

Human gut microbiology is much simpler than that of ruminants, but shares some similarities.  The unexpected biphasic breakdown of peptides, for example, occurs in the human intestine as well, with implications for human health.

Collaborations

Kevin Shingfield, Aberystwyth University (fatty acid metabolism, methane); Veerle Fievez, University of Gent (fatty acid metabolism); Rui Bessa, University of Lisbon (fatty acid metabolism); Margarida Maia, University of Porto (fatty acid metabolism); Mick Watson, University of Edinburgh (metagenomics); Nick Jonsson, University of Glasgow (SARA); Ivan Andonovic, Strathclyde University (SARA); Pekka Huhtanen, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Umeå (methane); Phil Garnsworthy, Nottingham University (methane); Paolo Bani, Catholic University, Piacenza (methane); Sinead Waters, Teagasc, Dublin (methane);  Tim McAllister, Lethbridge, Canada; Pierre Taberlet, Grenoble University, France; Chris McSweeney, CSIRO, Brisbane.

Supervision

I supervised 23 Ph.D. and 7 Masters students, mainly from overseas, and >50 international postdoctoral visiting scientists.

Funding and Grants

2011       TSB Genomics Competition, with Ingenza Ltd. £513,000 

2011       EC FP7, FOOD-SEG partner, €23,219 euros (of total 999,915 euros) 

2012    Studentship, Commonwealth Scholarship Commission 

2012       Framework 7 project RuminOmics, coordinator, €7.7M, 2012-2015 

2012     BBSRC Industrial Partnership Award: Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Consortium leader.  £1.2M, 2012-2015 

2012       Technology Strategy Board SPARK, methane  £5k

2012       EBLEX (with SRUC) SafeBeef. £280k 

2013       BBSRC Studentship with SRUC, methane

Teaching

Teaching Responsibilities

No undergraduate teaching responsibilities

Publications

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  • Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation

    Newbold, C. J., McIntosh, F. M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R. J.
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 114, no. 1-4, pp. 105-112
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Review of 'Rumen Microbiology' (2003) by Burk A. Dehority

    Wallace, R. J.
    Livestock Production Science, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 81-82
    Contributions to Journals: Reviews of Books, Films and Articles

  • Use of stable isotopes to measure de novo synthesis and turnover of amino acid-C and -N in mixed micro-organisms from the sheep rumen in vitro

    Atasoglu, C., Guliye, A. Y., Wallace, R. J.
    British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 253-261
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites

    Wallace, R. J.
    Contributions to Conferences: Papers

  • Cloning and functional expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV from the ruminal bacterium Prevotella albensis M384

    Walker, N. D., McEwan, N. R., Wallace, R. J.
    Microbiology , vol. 149, no. 8, pp. 2227-2234
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism

    McIntosh, F. M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R. J., Beever, D. A., Newbold, C. J.
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 5011-5014
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Characterization of XYN10B, a modular xylanase from the ruminal protozoan Polyplastron multivesiculatum, with a family 22 carbohydrate-binding module that binds to cellulose

    Devillard, E., Bera-Maillet, C., Flint, H. J., Scott, K. P., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J., Jouany, J. P., Forano, E.
    Biochemical Journal, vol. 373, no. 2, pp. 495-503
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Eubacterium pyruvativorans sp nov., a novel non-saccharolytic anaerobe from the rumen that ferments pyruvate and amino acids, forms caproate and utilizes acetate and propionate

    Wallace, R. J., McKain, N., McEwan, N. R., Miyagawa, E., Chaudhary, L. C., King, T. P., Walker, N. D., Apajalahti, J. H. A., Newbold, C. J.
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 965-970
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Methane oxidation and its coupled electron-sink reactions in ruminal fluid

    Kajikawa, H., Valdes, C., Hillman, K., Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 354-357
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Use of a deletion approach to assess the amino acid requirements for optimum fermentation by mixed micro-organisms from the sheep rumen

    Atasoglu, C., Guliye, A. Y., Wallace, R. J.
    Animal Science, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 147-153
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Metabolism and de novo synthesis of amino acids by rumen microbes: Amino acids in animal nutrition

    Atasoglu, C., Wallace, R. J.
    Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition. D'Mello, J. P. F. (ed.). CABI Publishing, pp. 265-290, 26 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Ammonia production by ruminal microorganisms and enumeration, isolation, and characterization of bacteria capable of growth on peptides and amino acids from the sheep rumen

    Eschenlauer, S. C. P., McKain, N., Walker, N. D., McEwan, N. R., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J.
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 4925-4931
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation

    Wallace, R. J., McEwan, N. R., McIntosh, F. M., Teferedegne, B., Newbold, C. J.
    Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1458-1468
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • De novo synthesis of amino acids by the ruminal anaerobic fungi, Piromyces communis and Neocallimastix frontalis

    Atasoglu, C., Wallace, R. J.
    FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 212, no. 2, pp. 243-247
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of the pattern of peptide supply on microbial activity in the rumen simulating fermenter (RUSITEC)

    Russi, J. P., Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 73-80
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Purification and properties of glutamate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase from the ruminal bacterium, Prevotella bryantii B(1)4

    Amin, M. R., Onodera, R., Khan, R. I., Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Anaerobe, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 101-107
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Effects of high-molecular-mass substrates on protein migration during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

    Moya, T. F. M., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J., Moyano, F. J.
    Electrophoresis, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1-7
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of ammonia concentration on 15N-ammonia incorporation and de novo amino acid synthesis by the non-cellulolytic ruminal bacteria, Prevotella bryantii B14, Streptococcus bovis ES1 and Selenomonas ruminantium HD4

    Atasoglu, C., Wallace, R. J.
    Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 389-395
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Propionate precursors as possible alternative electron acceptors to methane in ruminal fermentation

    Newbold, C. J., Ouda, J. O., Lopez, S., Nelson, N., Omed, H., Wallace, R. J., Moss, A. R.
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Conference Proceedings

  • Influence of nitrogen source on the fermentation of fibre from barley straw and sugarbeet pulp by ruminal micro-organisms in vitro

    Ranilla, M. J., Carro, M. D., López, S., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J., Girard, C. L.
    British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 717-724
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Purification and properties of a type-II-like dipeptidyl peptidase from the ruminal peptidolytic bacterium, Prevotella albensis M384

    Kim, H., Walker, N. D., McKain, N., Wallace, R. J.
    Anaerobe, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 307-313
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Purification and properties of glutamate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase from rumen bacterium Prevotella albensis

    Amin, M. R., Onodera, R., Khan, R. I., Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C.
    Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 1377-1381
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Technical note: methods for detecting liquid enzyme additives added to animal feeds

    Wallace, R. J., Hartnell, G. F.
    Journal of Animal Science, vol. 79, no. 10, pp. 2731-2735
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of supplementary fibrolytic enzymes on the fermentation of corn and grass silages by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro

    Wallace, R. J., Wallace, S. J., McKain, N., Nsereko, V. L., Hartnell, G. F.
    Journal of Animal Science, vol. 79, no. 7, pp. 1905-1916
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Incorporation of [N]Ammonia by the Cellulolytic Ruminal Bacteria Fibrobacter succinogenes BL2, Ruminococcus albus SY3, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17

    Atasoglu, C., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J.
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 2819-2822
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Increasing the flow of protein from ruminal fermentation: review

    Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J., Bequette, B. J., MacRae, J. C., Lobley, G. E.
    Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 885-893
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Developments in rumen fermentation: the scientist's view

    Newbold, C. J., Stewart, C. S., Wallace, R. J.
    Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. Garnsworthy, P. C., Wiseman, J. (eds.). Nottingham University Press, pp. 251-279, 29 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Effects of intra-abomasal infusion of ß-casomorphins on circulating concentrations of hyperglycaemic insulin and glucose in dairy cows

    Kim, T. G., Choung, J. J., Chamberlain, D. G., Wallace, R. J.
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 249-257
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • The 3' untranslated region of messages in the rumen protozoa Entodinium caudatum

    McEwan, N. R., Eschenlauer, S. C. P., Calza, R. E., Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Protist, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 139-146
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Chemical composition and degradation characteristics of foliage of some African multipurpose trees

    El Hassan, S. M., Lahlou Kassi, A., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J.
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 86, no. 1-2, pp. 27-37
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Proteolytic activity of ruminal digesta during the feeding cycle in sheep receiving grass hay/concentrate or maize silage/concentrate diets

    Wallace, R. J., Wallace, S. J. A., McKain, N.
    Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 317-319
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • An unusual codon usage pattern in the ciliate family Ophryoscolecidae and its implications for determining the source of cloned DNA

    McEwan, N. R., Gatherer, D., Eschenlauer, S. C. P., McIntosh, F. M., Calza, R. E., Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Anaerobe, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 21-28
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Stability and stabilization of potential feed additive enzymes in rumen fluid

    Morgavi, D. P., Newbold, C. J., Beever, D. E., Wallace, R. J.
    Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol. 26, no. 2-4, pp. 171-177
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • A xylanase produced by the rumen anaerobic protozoan Polyplastron multivesiculatum shows close sequence similarity to family 11 xylanases from Gram-positive bacteria

    Devillard, E., Newbold, C. J., Scott, K. P., Forano, E., Wallace, R. J., Jouany, J. P., Flint, H. J.
    FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 181, no. 1, pp. 145-152
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Protozoal sequences may reveal additional isoforms of the 14-3-3 protein family

    McEwan, N. R., Eschenlauer, S. C., Calza, R. E., Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Protist, vol. 150, no. 3, pp. 257-264
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Overlapping sequences with high homology to functional proteins coexist on complementary strands of DNA in the rumen bacterium Prevotella albensis

    Walker, N. D., McEwan, N. R., Wallace, R. J.
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 263, no. 1, pp. 58-62
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of 1-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)diaz-1-enyl]pyrrolidine- 2-carboxylic acid and diphenyliodonium chloride on ruminal protein metabolism and ruminal microorganisms

    Floret, F., McKain, N., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J., Chaudhary, L. C., Ellis, W. C., El Hassan, S.
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 3258-3260
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Effect of adding acetogenic bacteria on methane production by mixed rumen microorganisms

    Lopez, S., McIntosh, F. M., Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 78, no. 1-2, pp. 1-9
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of foliage from different accessions of the sub-tropical leguminous tree, Sesbania sesban, on ruminal protozoa in Ethiopian and Scottish sheep

    Teferedegne, B., McIntosh, F. M., Osuji, P. O., Odenyo, A., Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 78, no. 1-2, pp. 11-20
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Role of peptides in rumen microbial metabolism: review

    Wallace, R. J., Atasoglu, C., Newbold, C. J.
    Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 139-147
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of sodium fumarate addition on rumen fermentation in vitro

    López, S., Valdés, C., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J.
    British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 59-64
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of protease inhibitors on nitrogen distribution in ensiled perennial ryegrass and the utilisation of silage nitrogen for growth by rumen bacteria in vitro

    Nsereko, V. L., Rooke, J. A., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J.
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 76, no. 1-2, pp. 51-63
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • De Novo Synthesis of Amino Acids by the Ruminal Bacteria Prevotella bryantii B14,Selenomonas ruminantium HD4, and Streptococcus bovis ES1

    Atasoglu, C., Valdés, C., Walker, N. D., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J.
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 2836-2843
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Uptake of acetylated peptides from the small intestine in sheep and their nutritive value in rats

    Wallace, R. J., Min, W. K., Witt, M. W., Grant, G., MacRae, J. C., Newbold, C. J., Maeng, W. J., Rode, L. M.
    British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 101-108
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Changes in the microbial population of a rumen-simulating fermenter in response to yeast culture

    Newbold, C. J., McIntosh, F. M., Wallace, R. J.
    Canadian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 241-244
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of dietary acetylated peptides on fermentation and peptidase activities in the sheep rumen

    Witt, M. W., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J.
    Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 847-851
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Variation in proteinase activities in the rumen

    Falconer, M. L., Wallace, R. J.
    Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 377-382
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Rumen fermentation as a source of peptides

    McKain, N., Wallace, R. J.
    Peptides in Mammalian Protein Metabolism. Grimble, G. K., Backwell, F. R. .. (eds.). Portland Press, pp. 31-42, 12 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Phylogenetic position and codon usage of two centrin genes from the rumen ciliate protozoan, Entodinium caudatum

    Eschenlauer, S. C. P., McEwan, N. R., Calza, R. E., Wallace, R. J., Onodera, R., Newbold, C. J.
    FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 166, no. 1, pp. 147-154
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Peptide metabolism and its efficiency in ruminant production

    Wallace, R. J.
    Rumen microbes and digestive physiology in ruminants: Satellite Symposium of the 8th Animal Science Congress, Kyoto, October 1996. Oncera, R. (ed.). S. Karger, pp. 95-105, 11 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Peptidase activity of human colonic bacteria

    Wallace, R. J., McKain, N.
    Anaerobe, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 251-257
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Phenotypic diversity among ruminal isolates of Prevotella ruminicola: proposal of Prevotella brevis sp nov, Prevotella bryantii sp nov, and Prevotella albensis sp nov and redefinition of Prevotella ruminicola

    Avgustin, G., Wallace, R. J., Flint, H. J.
    International journal of systematic bacteriology, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 284-288
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Peptidases of the rumen bacterium Prevotella ruminicola

    Wallace, R. J., McKain, N., Broderick, G. A., Rode, L. M., Walker, N. D., Newbold, C. J., Kopecny, J.
    Anaerobe, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 35-42
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Isolation and characterisation of peptidase and peptide permease mutants of Prevotella albensis

    Walker, N., Wallace, R. J.
    Reproduction, Nutrition, Development, vol. 37, no. Suppl., pp. 65-66
    Contributions to Journals: Abstracts

  • Rumen microbiology and efficiency of digestion: opportunities and impact of biotechnology

    Wallace, R. J.
    Milk Composition, Production and Biotecnology. Welch, R. A. S., Burns, D. J. W., Davis, S. R., Popay, A. I., Prosser, C. G. (eds.). CAB International, pp. 465-487, 23 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Energy yielding and consuming reactions

    Russell, J. B., Wallace, R. J.
    The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. Hobson, P. N., Stewart, C. S. (eds.). 2nd edition. Blackie Academic & Professional, pp. 246-282, 37 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Influence of peptides on the growth of mixed rumen microoganisms on different carbohydrates in vitro

    Wang, J., Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Reproduction, Nutrition, Development, vol. 37, no. Suppl. 1, pp. 64-65
    Contributions to Journals: Abstracts

  • Metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds

    Wallace, R. J., Onodera, R., Cotta, M. A.
    The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. Hobson, P. N., Stewart, C. S. (eds.). Springer Netherlands, pp. 283-328, 46 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Peptide hydrolysis by human colonic bacteria is also a biphasic process carried out by Bacteroides-like organisms

    McKain, N., Wallace, R. J.
    Reproduction, Nutrition, Development, vol. 37, no. Suppl. 1, pp. 65
    Contributions to Journals: Abstracts

  • Purification and characterisation of a lysozyme-like enzyme from the rumen ciliate Entodinium caudatum

    Martin, H. C., McIntosh, F. M., Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Reproduction, Nutrition, Development, vol. 37, no. Suppl. 1, pp. 47-48
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of dietary rumen-degradable protein on bacterial growth in the rumen of sheep receiving different energy sources

    Chikunya, S., Newbold, C. J., Rode, L., Chen, X. B., Wallace, R. J.
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 63, no. 1-4, pp. 333-340
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Mode of action of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a feed additive for ruminants

    Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J., McIntosh, F. M.
    British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 249-261
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Ruminal microbial metabolism of peptides and amino acids

    Wallace, R. J.
    The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 126, no. 4 Suppl., pp. 1326S-1334S
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Inhibition by 1,10-phenanthroline of the breakdown of peptides by rumen bacteria and protozoa

    Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J., McKain, N.
    Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 425-430
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Effect of yeast culture on rumen fermentation, microbial protein flow from the rumen and live-weight gain in bulls given high cereal diets

    El Hassan, S. M., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J., Edwards, I. E., Topps, J. H.
    Animal Science, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 43-48
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of 1,10-phenanthroline and its analogues, other chelators and transition metal ions on dipeptidase activity of the rumen bacterium, Prevotella ruminicola

    Wallace, R. J., McKain, N.
    Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 42-47
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Antimicrobial factors in African multipurpose trees

    El Hassan, S. M., Lahlou-Kassi, A., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J.
    Rumen Ecology Research Planning: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 13-18 March, 1995. Wallace, R. J., Lahlou-Kassi, A. (eds.). ILRI, pp. 43-54, 12 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Evidence for methane oxidation in rumen fluid in vitro

    Valdés, C., Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J., Hillman, K.
    Annales de Zootechnie, vol. 45, no. Suppl. 1, pp. 351
    Contributions to Journals: Abstracts

  • REVIEW: Enhancing amino acid flow to the small intestine in ruminants

    Wallace, R. J.
    Information for Amino Acid Techniques, vol. 11, pp. 1-15
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • The mode of action of yeast culture in modifying rumen fermentation

    Wallace, R. J.
    Biotechnology in the Feed Industry. Lyons, T., Jacques, K. (eds.). Nottingham University Press, pp. 217-232, 16 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • The proteolytic systems of ruminal microorganisms

    Wallace, R. J.
    Research Journal of Animal Sciences , vol. 45, no. Suppl. 1, pp. 301-308
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Cleavage of di- and tripeptides by Prevotella ruminicola

    Wallace, R. J., Kopecny, J., Broderick, G. A., Walker, N. D., Sichao, L., Newbold, C. J., McKain, N.
    Anaerobe, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 335-343
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae differ in their effects on ruminal bacterial numbers in vitro and in sheep

    Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J., Chen, X. B., McIntosh, F. M.
    Journal of Animal Science, vol. 73, no. 6, pp. 1811-1818
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Isolation of genes encoding β-D-xylanase, β-D-xylosidase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase activities from the rumen bacterium Prevotella ruminicola B(1)4

    Gasparic, A., Marinsek-Logar, R., Martin, J., Wallace, R. J., Nekrep, F. V., Flint, H. J., Martin, J. C.
    FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 125, no. 2-3, pp. 135-141
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Microbial feed additives for ruminants: Probiotics: prospects of use in opportunistic infection

    Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Probiotics: prospects of use in opportunistic infection. Fuller, R., Heidt, P. J., Rusch, V., van der Waaij, D. (eds.). Old Herborn University, pp. 101-125, 25 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Rumen microbiology: new species, interactions and opportunities

    Wallace, R. J.
    Microbes, Environment, Biotechnologies. Martin, P. M. V., Auber, J. P. (eds.). Institute Luis Malarde, pp. 103-106, 4 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Influence of peptides, amino acids and urea on microbial activity in the rumen of sheep receiving grass hay and on the growth of rumen bacteria in vitro

    Soto, R. C., Muhammed, S. A., Newbold, C. J., Stewart, C. S., Wallace, R. J.
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 49, no. 1-2, pp. 151-161
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of Yucca shidigera extract on ruminal ammonia concentrations and ruminal microorganisms

    Wallace, R. J., Arthaud, L., Newbold, C. J.
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 1762-1767
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Amino acid and protein synthesis, turnover and breakdown by ruminal micro-organisms

    Wallace, R. J.
    Principles of Protein Nutrition of Ruminants. Asplund, J. M. (ed.). CRC Press, pp. 71-111, 41 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Biochemistry and microbiology in the rumen

    Wallace, R. J.
    Physiological and Clinical Aspects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Cummings, J. H., Rombeau, J. L., Sakata, T. (eds.). Cambridge University Press, pp. 57-71, 15 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Concepts of probiotics and prebiotics as they apply to ruminants

    Wallace, R. J.
    Proceedings of International Life Sciences Institute Europe Workshop
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Fungi and inoculants for ensilage: Microorganisms and enzyme preparations in animal nutrition

    Wallace, R. J.
    Microorganisms and Enzyme Preparations in Animal Nutrition. Castanon, J. I. R. (ed.). EC Directorate-General for Agriculture, pp. 207-208, 2 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Combined effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract and monensin on fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)

    Newbold, C. J., McKain, N., Wallace, R. J.
    Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 241-246
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Breakdown of N-terminally modified peptides and an isopeptide by rumen microorganisms

    Wallace, R. J., Frumholtz, P. P., Walker, N. D.
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 3147-3149
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • The effect of tetronasin and monensin on fermentation, microbial numbers and the development of ionophore-resistant bacteria in the rumen

    Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J., Walker, N. D.
    Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 129-134
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Breakdown of different peptides by Prevotella (Bacteroides) ruminicola and mixed microorganisms from the sheep rumen

    Wallace, R. J., McKain, N., Broderick, G. A.
    Current Microbiology, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 333-336
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Isolation and attempted introduction of sugar alcohol-utilizing bacteria in the sheep rumen

    Wallace, R. J., Walker, N. D.
    Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 353-359
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Amino acid composition of degradation-resistant peptides in extracellular rumen fluid of sheep

    Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J., Watt, N. D., Buchan, V., Brown, D. S.
    Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 129-133
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Rumen fermentation and its manipulation: the development of yeast cultures as feed additives

    Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Biotechnology in the food industry. Lyons, T. P. (ed.). Alltech Technical Publications, pp. 173-192, 20 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Rumen microbiology, biotechnology and ruminant nutrition: the application of research findings to a complex microbial ecosystem

    Wallace, R. J.
    FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 100, no. 1-3, pp. 529-534
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Influence of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the rumen fermentation and blood constituents in sheep given diets of grass hay and barley

    Newbold, C. J., Frumholtz, P. P., Wallace, R. J.
    Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 423-427
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Acetylation of peptides inhibits their degradation by rumen micro-organisms

    Wallace, R. J.
    British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 365-372
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • The effect of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the growth of fungi and ciliate protozoa in the rumen

    Newbold, C. J., Brock, R., Wallace, R. J.
    Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 109-112
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Selective isolation of bacteria with dipeptidyl aminopeptidase type I activity from the sheep rumen

    McKain, N., Wallace, R. J., Watt, N. D.
    FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 95, no. 2-3, pp. 169-174
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • In vitro studies of conditions required to protect protein from ruminal degradation by heating in the presence of sugars

    Wallace, R. J., Falconer, M. L.
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 37, no. 1-2, pp. 129-141
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Properties of ionophore-resistant Bacteroides ruminicola enriched by cultivation in the presence of tetronasin

    Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J., Watt, N. D.
    Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 65-70
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Rumen fermentation and its manipulation: a growing role for microbial feed additives

    Wallace, R. J.
    Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of the Society of NZ Dairy Cattle Veterinarians. New Zealand Veterinary Association, pp. 69-85, 17 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Gel filtration studies of peptide metabolism by rumen microorganisms

    Wallace, R. J.
    Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 177-184
    Contributions to Journals: Articles

  • Manipulation of rumen function: ionophores, yeast culture and biotechnology

    Wallace, R. J.
    Biotechnology in the Feed Industry. Lyons, T. P. (ed.). Alltech Technical Publications, pp. 193-204, 12 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters

  • Probiotics for ruminants

    Wallace, R. J., Newbold, C. J.
    Probiotics: The Scientific Basis. Fuller, R. (ed.). Springer Netherlands, pp. 317-353, 37 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters
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