Indicate which of the following are signs of pleural effusion.
Hyper-resonance may occur due to overinflation of the lung such as in COPD or emphysema. It also occurs in pneumothorax.
Bronchial breathing occurs when there is consolidation secondary to pneumonia. However, there may be bronchial breathing heard above the effusion.
Reduced breath sounds - In combination with reduced vocal resonance this is typical of a pleural effusion, sound does not transmit well through fluid filled spaces.