Metabolic acidosis can occur when there is build up of metabolic acids through ingestion, production or decreased renal elimination or through loss of bicarbonate
Through the use of the anion gap we can determine what the likely cause is
Anion Gap = (Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
Normal range = 10 - 18 mmol/L
A normal anion gap would be present when there is loss of HCO3- and the kidneys retain more Cl- in response to this therefore maintaining the electroneutrality
A high anion gap would be present when there is increase in acid through ingestion or production
The presence of larger anion of these acids results in an increased anion gap
