Contents
A Short Review of Histology: Contents
IJS01 Preface
IJS02 Tissues and Systems
Preface
INT.H1.1 What is Histology
INT.H1.2 Clinically Relevant Histology
INT.H1.3 The Histological Process
INT.H1.4 Histology Images
INT.H1.5 Magnification
INT.H1.6 +D1 +D2 Estimation of Size
Nervous System
VC1.H1.1 Histology of the Spinal Cord
VC1.H1.2 Spinal Cord
VC1.H1.3 +D1 +D2 White Matter
VC1.H1.4 Grey Matter
VC1.H1.5 Dorsal Root Ganglion
VC1.H1.6 +D1 +D2 Peripheral Nerve
VC1.H1.7 and INT.H1.8 Sensory Receptors
VC1.H2.1 Histology of the Skin
VC1.H2.2 Skin Thickness
VC1.H2.3 +4 Thin Skin and Thick Skin
VC1.H2.5 Sensory Receptors
VC1.H2.6 +7 Meissner's and Paccinian Corpuscle
Skin 1
UL1.H1.1 Muscle Tissue
UL1.H1.2 Smooth and Cardiac Muscle
UL1.H1.2D1 Cardiac Muscle
UL1.H1.3 Smooth Muscle Organisation
UL1.H1.3D1 Smooth Muscle
UL1.H1.4 +D1 Skeletal Muscle
UL1.H1.5 +D1 Skeletal Muscle Organisation
UL1.H1.6 +D1 Orientation of Skeletal Muscle Cells
UL1.H1.6a +b+c+d Muscles Examples
UL1.H1.7 +a Motor Units
Bone
UL2.H1.1 +D1 Bone
UL2.H1.2 +D1 +D2 Bone Cells
UL2.H1.3 +D1 +D2 Compact Bone
UL2.H1.4 Cancellous Bone
UL2.H1.5 +D1 Periosteum
Cartilage
UL2.H2.1 Cartilage
UL2.H2.2 +D1 Hyalin Cartilage
UL2.H2.3 +D1 Elastic Cartilage
UL2.H2.4 Fibrocartilage
UL2.H2.5 Perichondrium
Connective Tissue
LL1.H1.1 Connective Tissue
LL1.H1.1a +b+c+d+e Connective Tissue Types
LL1.H1.2 Loose Connective Tissue
LL1.H1.3 Dense Connective Tissue
LL1.H1.4 Superficial and Deep Fascia
LL1.H1.5 +D1 Connective Tissue around Muscle
LL1.H1.6 Tendons and Ligaments
LL1.H1.7 +D1 Muscle, Tendon, Bone Connections
LL1.H1.8 +D1 Ligament - Bone Connections
Skin 2
LL2.H1.1 Skin and Superficial Fascia
LL2.H1.2 +D2 Skin Thickness
LL2.H1.3 +D1 Skin Appendages: Nails
LL2.H1.4 +D2 Skin Appendages: Hair Folicles
LL2.H1.5 Skin Appendages: Sweat Glands
LL2.H1.6 Skin: Clinical Applications
Cardiovascular
TH1.H1.1 Histology of Heart and Blood Vessel Walls
TH1.H1.2 Histology of Heart and Blood Vessel Walls
TH1.H1.2D1 Cardiac Muscle Cells
TH1.H1.2D2 Cardiac Muscle Cells
TH1.H1.3 Arteries
TH1.H1.3D1 Muscular Artery
TH1.H1.3D2 Helicine Artery of Penis
TH1.H1.4 +D1 Arterioles
TH1.H1.5 +D1 Continuous Capillary
TH1.H1.5D2 Fenestrated Capillary
TH1.H1.6 Veins, +D1 Peripheral Veins
TH1.H1.7 Valves
TH1.H2.1 +D1 Histology of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Respiratory
TH1.H2.2 +D1 Trachea and Extrapulmonary Bronchi
TH1.H2.2D2 Trachea and Extrapulmonary Bronchi
TH1.H2.2D3 +D4 Trachea and Extrapulmonary Bronchi
TH1.H2.3 +D1 Bronchial tree
TH1.H2.4 +D1 Alveoli
TH1.H2.5 Alveoli Walls
TH1.H2.6 +D1 Elastic Tissue in Lungs
Breast
TH2.H1.1 +D1 Breast
TH2.H1.2 +D1 Inactive Breast
TH2.H1.3 +D1 Breast in Pregnancy
TH2.H1.4 +D1 Lactating Breast
TH2.H1.5 Regression Atrophy of Glandular Tissue
TH2.H1.6 Male Breast
Accessory Glands of GI Tract
AB1.H1.1 Plan of Gut Tube
AB1.H1.2 +D1 +D2 Accessory Glands of GI Tract, Goblet Cells, Submucosal Gland
AB1.H1.3 +D1 Liver Organisation
AB1.H1.3D3 Liver Organisation
AB1.H1.3D4 Liver Organisation
AB1.H1.4 The Liver - Hepatocytes
AB1.H1.5 +D1 The Gall Bladder
AB1.H1.6 +D1 The Pancreas
GI Tract
AB2.H1.2 +D1 +D2 Oral Cavity and Tongue
AB2.H1.3 Oesophagus
AB2.H1.4 Stomach
AB2.H1.5 Small Intestine
AB2.H1.5D1 Villi
AB2.H1.5D2 Brunner's Glands
AB2.H1.6 +D1 Large Intestine
AB2.H1.7 Appendix
AB2.H1.8 Anal Canal
AB2.H1.9 +D1 Cell Turnover
AB2.H1.10 Area for Absorption
Lymphoid Tissue
AB2.H2.1 Lymphoid Tissue
AB2.H2.2 +D1 Spleen
AB2.H2.3 +D1 +D2 Lymph Nodes - Structure
AB2.H2.4 Lymph Nodes - Function
AB2.H2.5 Lymphatic Capillary
AB2.H2.6 Non-encapsulated Lymphoid Tissue
AB2.H2.7 Thymus
Urinary - Kidney
PP1.H1.1 +D1 The Urinary System - Kidney
PP1.H1.2 +D1 The kidney
PP1.H1.3 +D1 The nephron
PP1.H1.4 +D1 +D2 +D3 The Renal Corpuscle
PP1.H1.5 +D1 +D2 The Filtration Barrier
PP1.H1.6 +D1 +D2 Kidney Tubules
PP1.H1.7 +D1 Collecting Ducts and the Renal Pelvis
PP1.H1.8 Blood Vessels of Kidney
Urinary Extra-Renal
PP2.H1.1 The Urinary System - Extra-Renal Components
PP1.H2.2 The Ureter
PP1.H2.3 The Urinary Bladder
PP1.H2.4 Transitional Epithelium
PP1.H2.5 The Urethra
The Male Genital System
PP2.H1.1 +D1 The Male Genital System
PP2.H1.2 +D1 The Testis
PP2.H1.3 +D1 Seminiferous Tubules
PP2.H1.4 Interstitial Cells of Leydig
PP2.H1.5 +D1 The Mediastinum Testis
PP2.H1.6 +D1 The Ductuli Efferentes
PP2.H1.7 +D1 The Epididymis
PP2.H1.8 +D1 The Ductus Deferens and The Ejaculatory Duct
PP2.H1.9 +D1 The Penis
PP2.H1.10 +D1 Seminal Vesicles
PP2.H1.11 +D1 The Prostate
Female Reproductive 1
PP2.H2.1 +D1 The Female Reproductive System
PP2.H2.2 The Menstrual Cycle
PP2.H2.3 +D1 Ovary
PP2.H2.4 Ovarian Follicles 1
PP2.H2.5 Ovarian Follicles 2
PP2.H2.6 +D1 Primordial and Primary Ovarian Follicles
PP2.H2.7 +D1 +D2 Secondary Ovarian Follicles
PP2.H2.8 +D1 Graafian Follicles
PP2.H2.9 +D1 Corpus Luteum
PP2.H2.10 +D1 Atretic Follicles and Corpora Albicantes
Female Reproductive 2
PP2.H3.3 +D1 +D2 The Uterine Tube
PP2.H3.4 +D1 The Uterus
PP2.H3.5 +D1 +D2 Uterine Changes During the Menstrual Cycle
PP2.H3.6 +D1 The Cervix
PP2.H3.7 +D1 The Vagina
PP2.H3.8 +D1 +D2 Placenta
Salivary Glands
HN1.H1.1 Salivary Glands - General
HN1.H1.2 +D1 Parotid Gland
HN1.H1.3 +D1 Submandibular Gland
HN1.H1.4 +D1 Sublingual Gland
HN1.H1.5 +D1 Oesophageal Glands
Oral Cavity
HN2.H1.1 Oral Cavity and Tongue
HN2.H1.2 +D1 Tongue - Dorsal Surface Epithelium
HN2.H1.3 +D1 Tongue - Ventral Surface Epithelium
HN2.H1.4 +D1 Tongue Muscle Groups
HN2.H1.5 Tongue - Salivary Glands
HN2.H1.6 +D1 Taste Buds
Endocrine Glands
HN3.H1.1 +D1 +D2 The Thyroid Gland
HN3.H1.1D3 Fenestrated Capillaries
HN3.H1.2 +D1 +D2 The Parathyroid Glands
HN3.H1.3 +D1 The Pituitary Gland - Development
HN3.H1.4 +D1 +D2 +D3 The Anterior Pituitary
HN3.H1.5 +D1 +D1 The Posterior Pituitary
HN3.H1.6 The Blood Vessels of The Pituitary Gland
HN3.H1.7 +D1 The Hypophysioportal Circulation
HN3.H1.8 +D1 +D2 Tonsils
The Blood
B1 +D1 The Blood
B2 +D1 +D2 Red Blood Cells
B3 White Blood Cells
B4 +D1 +D2 +D3 Neutrophils
B5 +D1 Eosinophils
B6 +D1 Basophils
B7 +D1 +D2 Lymphocytes
B8 +D1 Monocytes
B8 +D1 +D2 Platelets
B8 +D1 Bone Marrow
Histology Practicals
HP0 Primary Tissues
HP1 Epithelia Classification
HP2.1 Epithelia Functions: Absorbtion of nutrients?
HP2.2 Epithelia Functions: Movement of mucus/other material across a surface?
HP2.3 Epithelia Functions: Resistance to chemical attack?
HP2.4 Epithelia Functions: Diffusion of substances across an epithelial layer?
HP2.5 Epithelia Functions: Wear and Tear?
HP2.6 Epithelia Functions: Stretchability?
HP3 Secretion
HP4 Passage Across Epithelium
HP4a Passage Across Epithelium 1
HP4b Passage Across Epithelium 2
HP5 Glands
HP6 Unicellular Glands
HP7 Endocrine Gland
HP8 Ciliated Epithelium
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a-short-review-of-histology
LL2.H1.2 +D2 Skin Thickness
Skin Thickness:
You are probably aware that the skin across your own body varies in thickness
Variations in thickness are normally related to the extent of wear and tear associated with each region
Skin can be described as thin skin, as found on abdomen, or thick skin, as found on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hand
In reality there are many differences in the thickness of the skin across different regions of the body
Both the dermis and the epidermis are thicker in thick skin than in thin skin
However, the most dramatic differences are to be noted in the epidermis and particularly in the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis
In thin skin there may be less than 10 cell layers in the stratum corneum but in thick skin this may exceed 100 cell layers
Skin may thicken or thin in response to changing environmental conditions
For example, an office worker will soon develop thicker skin on the palms of the hand and fingers if they take up heavy manual work
There are also many disease processes which affect skin
Relative Skin Thickness:
The following diagrams show the relative skin thickness in different regions of the body
Note that both the epidermis and the dermis may vary in thickness depending on the region of the body