PP2.H3.6 +D1 The Cervix
The Cervix:
- The cervix, or the uterine cervix as it is really part of the uterus, lies inferiorly and connects with the vagina
- The inferior part of the cervix projects into the lumen of the vagina as the ectocervix
- The wall of the cervix has some smooth muscle but lacks the thick layer of muscle present in the body and fundus of the uterus
- The mucous membrane consists of a simple columnar epithelium, with some ciliated cells
- Tubular glands extend into the underlying connective tissue
- The ectocervix is covered with stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium, reflecting its role as part of the wall of the vagina
- The connective tissue layer of the mucous membrane is a dense irregular connective tissue
- The dense connective tissue of the cervix acts as a solid anchorage for the ligaments which support the female reproductive tract in the pelvis
- In pregnancy, this solid mass of tissue supports the developing foetus and placenta
- The connective tissue of the cervix is not responsive to the hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle
- However, prior to delivery of the foetus, the connective tissue softens, in response to the ovarian hormone relaxin, to allow dilatation of the cervical canal and delivery of the foetus
- The epithelium lining the cervical canal is responsive to the hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle resulting in a change in molecular make up and volume around the period of ovulation
- These changes are believed to assist the passage of spermatozoa into and along the cervical canal
Diagram of Cervix:
